Which of the following approaches to motivation focuses on the idea that behavior is driven by internal desires and biological needs?

Correct option is D

Drive theories of motivation suggest that behavior is directed by internal physiological states that create a sense of tension, which the organism seeks to reduce. This idea is primarily associated with Clark Hull’s (1943, 1952) Drive Reduction Theory.
-Drive theories focus on biological needs like hunger, thirst, and homeostasis.
-Internal drives create a state of discomfort, pushing the individual to take action to restore balance.
-Example: Feeling hungry (internal drive) motivates a person to eat (behavior) to reduce

Thus, drive theories best explain how internal desires and biological needs influence behavior.

Information Booster
-Clark Hull’s Drive Reduction Theory (1943) states that motivation arises from the need to maintain homeostasis.
-Primary drives: Biological needs (hunger, thirst, sleep).
-Secondary drives: Learned drives (money, social approval).
-Criticism: Does not explain behaviors that increase arousal, such as curiosity or thrill-seeking.
-Homeostasis: The body’s mechanism to maintain internal balance, a key principle in drive theory.
-Modern Extensions: Optimal Arousal Theory suggests that people seek an optimal level of stimulation, not just drive reduction.