Which of the following acids is present in the stinging nettles?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Formic acid.
· Stinging nettles contain formic acid, which is responsible for the stinging sensation when touched.
· When the tiny hairs (trichomes) on the nettle plant break, they inject formic acid along with other chemicals like histamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin into the skin, causing pain, irritation, and a burning sensation.
· Formic acid, also known as methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid and is commonly found in insects like ants and bees as well.
· Formic acid is used by stinging insects and plants as a defense mechanism to deter predators.
· The chemical formula for formic acid is HCOOH, and it is the simplest form of carboxylic acid.
· The name "formic" comes from the Latin word "formica," meaning ant, as it is also found in ant venom.
· The stinging effect of nettles can be relieved by washing the area with soap and water or applying anti-itch creams.
Additional Information:
· Lactic acid: This acid is found in sour milk products and is produced in muscles during strenuous activity but is not present in stinging nettles.
· Tartaric acid: Commonly found in grapes and used in baking powder, it is not associated with stinging nettles.
· Citric acid: Found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges; it does not cause the stinging sensation in nettles.