Correct option is B
The correct answer is: (b) Extremists
The Extremists criticized the Moderates for their approach of 'mendicancy', meaning they were seen as too submissive and dependent on the British government for reforms.
The Moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Pherozeshah Mehta, believed in pursuing constitutional reforms through petitions and gradual political negotiations with the British government.
The Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, accused the Moderates of being too timid and ineffective, arguing that India needed a more militant approach to gain independence.
The term "mendicancy" referred to the Moderates' habit of begging or pleading for political concessions, which the Extremists found weak and insufficient for achieving self-governance. The Extremists believed that only through mass agitation and direct action could India achieve real political power.
Additional Information:
The Surat Split (1907):
The split occurred at the Surat session of 1907, primarily due to differences over the Moderates' passive approach versus the Extremists' call for direct action.
This division left the Congress fragmented for some years, delaying the movement for self-rule.
The Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, wanted a more aggressive stance, while the Moderates, under leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, preferred to work within the British framework for reforms.
Lucknow Pact (1916):
A significant development after the Surat Split, the Lucknow Pact was signed between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League in 1916.
It marked a major political agreement, where both organizations agreed on joint representation for Indians in the British legislative bodies, and a separate electorate for Muslims.
This pact helped to unite Hindus and Muslims in their efforts for self-rule and paved the way for the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919.
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