Correct option is D
The correct answer is (d) Henry Lawrence
Explanation:
The Battle of Chinhat was fought on 30 June 1857, during the Revolt of 1857, near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
Information Booster:
- The British forces were led by Sir Henry Lawrence, the British Resident at Lucknow.
- He led a small British force against the rebel sepoys but suffered a significant defeat.
- This battle marked the beginning of the Siege of the British Residency in Lucknow, where Henry Lawrence was mortally wounded and died shortly after on 4 July 1857.
Additional Knowledge:
Sir Colin Campbell: Played a key role in relieving the siege of Lucknow later in 1857.
Warren Hastings (Governor-General of Bengal: 1773–1785):
First Governor-General of Bengal.
Key Reforms
Administrative Reforms:
- Abolished Dual Government (1772) was instituted by Clive.
- Established the Board of Revenue in Calcutta.
- Shifted the capital of Bengal from Murshidabad to Calcutta.
- Introduced the Policy of Ring Fence to create buffer zones against Marathas and Afghans.
Judicial Reforms:
- Ended Zamindari judicial powers.
- Set up District Diwani and Fauzdari Adalats for civil and criminal cases.
- Established Sadar Diwani Adalat (civil appeals) and Sadar Nizamat Adalat (criminal appeals).
- Founded the Supreme Court at Calcutta (1774) via the Regulating Act of 1773.
Trade Reforms:
- Abolished Dastaks (free passes) in 1775.
- Restricted private trade by company officials.
- Imposed 2.5% uniform tariff on goods to ensure fairness.