Which are the two basic features of Schema?
(a) Influencing memory
(b) Promoting forgetting
(c) Resisting change
(d) Promoting change

Correct option is B

The two fundamental features of schema (organized mental frameworks for understanding the world) are influencing memory and resisting change. Schemas influence memory through schema-consistent processing—information fitting existing schemas is better encoded and retrieved (assimilation in Piaget's terms), while schema-inconsistent information may be distorted or forgotten. Schemas resist change due to their stable, organized nature; they persist even when contradicted by new information (perseverance effect). People preferentially attend to schema-confirming evidence and reinterpret contradictions rather than revising schemas (accommodation occurs only with substantial contradictory evidence). This combination reflects schema theory's core principles established by Bartlett, Piaget, and contemporary cognitive psychology.

Information Booster:
● Schema Definition: Organized cognitive structures containing generalized knowledge about objects, situations, events, or sequences (scripts) that guide perception, memory, and reasoning
● Influencing Memory: Schemas facilitate constructive memory (Bartlett's "War of the Ghosts" study) where recall is shaped by existing knowledge frameworks; cause schema-consistent recall bias
● Resisting Change: Schemas demonstrate stability and cognitive conservatism; require disconfirming evidence of substantial magnitude for accommodation (schema modification)
● Piaget's Theory: Distinguished between assimilation (fitting new information into existing schemas) and accommodation (modifying schemas when assimilation fails)
● Confirmation Bias: Schemas promote selective attention to confirming evidence and reinterpretation of disconfirming information