Which among the options is not the elements of cognition

Correct option is D

Cognition and its Elements:
Cognition is a broad term that encompasses all the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding, including:
Perception:
Perception is the process through which we interpret and make sense of sensory input from our environment. It involves recognizing, organizing, and interpreting sensory data (e.g., sights, sounds, smells) to understand the world around us.
For example, when you see a red apple, your brain interprets the visual information (color, shape, size) to recognize it as an apple.
Attention:
Attention refers to the mental ability to focus on certain information while ignoring other distractions. It is essential for processing relevant information and performing tasks effectively.
For example, when reading a book, you need to direct your attention to the text, blocking out background noise or other distractions.
Concentration:
Concentration is closely related to attention but often refers to a more sustained mental effort. It is the ability to maintain focus over an extended period, particularly when completing a challenging task.
For example, studying for an exam requires concentration to retain and recall complex information.
Emotion and Its Role:
While cognition involves mental processes related to knowledge and reasoning, emotion is a different kind of mental process. Emotions are subjective feelings like happiness, sadness, anger, or fear, which are responses to external stimuli, internal thoughts, or memories.
Emotion affects how we think and make decisions but is not itself a cognitive process. For example, feelings of fear can influence a person's judgment or decision-making, causing them to act cautiously or avoid certain situations. However, the feeling of fear itself is not considered part of cognition. Instead, it's more related to emotional processing.
Difference Between Cognition and Emotion:
Cognition involves higher-order processes such as reasoning, problem-solving, memory, and language, which help us understand and navigate the world.
Emotion is about how we feel and react to situations, often influencing our behavior and cognitive processes but not being part of the mental processing system of cognition itself.