When pulse rate is less than 60 beats per minute, it is called–

Correct option is A

Sol. Bradycardia is a medical condition where the heart beats fewer than 60 times per minute. It may be normal in athletes and during sleep, but in others, it could indicate a problem with the heart’s electrical system or certain medications. Symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, or even fainting if blood flow is affected.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Bradycardia – Correct answer. This refers specifically to a slow heart rate (<60 bpm). While it can be normal in well-trained individuals, in others it may indicate underlying heart conditions like sinoatrial node dysfunction, especially if accompanied by symptoms.
· (b) Bradypnea – This term describes a decreased respiratory rate (slow breathing), not heart rate. It is usually defined as fewer than 12 breaths per minute in adults and may occur due to opioid overdose, neurological damage, or respiratory depression.
· (c) Tachycardia – This is the opposite of bradycardia and refers to a fast heart rate, typically greater than 100 bpm in adults. Causes may include fever, stress, anemia, hyperthyroidism, or cardiac arrhythmias. It can be either physiological or pathological.
· (d) Tachypnea – This refers to rapid breathing or an abnormally high respiratory rate. It may be seen in conditions like fever, lung infections (e.g., pneumonia), heart failure, or anxiety. It affects breathing, not pulse or heart rate.