United Nations conference on Environment and Development that was held in 1992 at Rio de Janeiro is also known as

Correct option is C

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is commonly known as the Earth Summit. It was a landmark international conference that brought global attention to sustainable development and environmental protection. Key agreements like Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and frameworks on climate change, biodiversity, and forest principles were adopted here.

Information Booster:

• Date of Earth Summit: 3–14 June 1992.
• Attended by 172 countries, with 108 heads of state/government.
• Established three major conventions:
  • UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
  • CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity)
  • UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification)
• Laid the foundation for Agenda 21 – a blueprint for sustainable development.
• Rio+10 (2002 Johannesburg Summit) and Rio+20 (2012) were follow-up conferences.

Additional Knowledge:

Ozone Summit:

• Refers to meetings under the Montreal Protocol (1987).
• Aimed at phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) like CFCs.

Conference on Human Environment:

• Held in Stockholm, 1972.
• Also known as the Stockholm Conference.
• First major UN conference focusing on environmental issues.

Conference on Wetlands:

• Known as the Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971 at Ramsar, Iran.
• Focused on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.