There are five stages of the epidemiological transition model. The prime cause of mortality in the second stage is ______.

Correct option is C

Sol. The second stage of the epidemiological transition model is characterized by a decline in infectious diseases and a rise in degenerative diseases as primary causes of mortality. With improvements in sanitation, medical advancements, and better nutrition, mortality due to infections decreases, while non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and cancer become more prevalent.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Infections – Incorrect. Infectious diseases dominate the first stage of the epidemiological transition due to poor sanitation, lack of medical facilities, and high infant mortality rates.
· (b) Non-cardiovascular diseases – Incorrect. While some chronic diseases emerge in the second stage, it is mainly degenerative diseases that become leading causes of mortality.
· (c) Degenerative diseases – Correct answer. These diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, become significant causes of death as life expectancy increases and lifestyle changes occur.
· (d) Senescence or old age – Incorrect. Mortality due to senescence (aging-related death) becomes more prominent in the final stages of epidemiological transition, particularly in highly developed societies with low birth and death rates.