Correct option is B
The correct answer is: (B) A.G. Tansley
The term "Ecosystem" was first proposed by Sir Arthur George Tansley in 1935. He defined an ecosystem as a functional unit of nature, consisting of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components interacting with each other in a specific environment.
Tansley's concept emphasized the energy flow, nutrient cycling, and interdependence between organisms and their physical surroundings. His work laid the foundation for modern ecology and environmental studies.
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Key points
Types of Ecosystems:
Terrestrial Ecosystem – Forests, Grasslands, Deserts, Tundra.
Aquatic Ecosystem – Freshwater (lakes, rivers), Marine (oceans, coral reefs).
Components of an Ecosystem:
Biotic factors – Plants, animals, microorganisms.
Abiotic factors – Sunlight, water, temperature, soil, air.
Ecosystem Functions:
Energy Flow – Sunlight → Plants → Herbivores → Carnivores.
Nutrient Cycling – Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Water cycle.
Food Chain & Food Web – Shows how energy and nutrients move through the ecosystem.
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