In which of the following insect the spiracle are absent:

Correct option is B

• Unlike most insects, Chironomid larvae lack spiracles and rely entirely on cutaneous respiration (gas exchange through their thin skin).

• They often possess respiratory pigments like hemoglobin, which help in oxygen transport, allowing them to survive in oxygen-deficient water.

• Their habitat includes polluted or stagnant water bodies, where oxygen levels are typically low.​

• Cecidomyiid larvae (Gall midges - Family: Cecidomyiidae) Have functional spiracles and are often found inside plant tissues, where they cause gall formation.

Mycetophilid larvae (Fungus gnats - Family: Mycetophilidae) Also possess spiracles and are found in moist environments like decaying organic matter and fungi.

Psycodid larvae (Moth flies or Drain flies - Family: Psychodidae) Have functional spiracles and live in moist, decaying organic matter such as drains or sewage.