Correct option is B
Explanation:
(A) Epinephrine: This hormone, also known as adrenaline, is released by the adrenal medulla and is known for its role in the "fight or flight" response. One of its key effects via cAMP is to increase glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) in the liver and muscles to provide energy. This matches (iv) Glycogen breakdown.(B) Vasopressin: Also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption via cAMP-dependent activation of aquaporins in the collecting ducts. This matches (iii) Water resorption.(C) Glucagon: Secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas, glucagon raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) in the liver through a cAMP-mediated pathway. This matches (iv) Glycogen breakdown. Note that both epinephrine and glucagon can stimulate glycogen breakdown, though in different contexts (epinephrine in stress, glucagon in fasting).(D) Luteinizing hormone (LH): Produced by the anterior pituitary, LH triggers progesterone secretion in females (in the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle) and testosterone production in males, both via cAMP signaling. Given the options, (ii) Progesterone secretion is the most direct match.(E) Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Secreted by the parathyroid glands, PTH increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone resorption (releasing calcium from bones) through a cAMP-dependent mechanism. This matches (v) Bone resorption.
