Plasma proteins have vital roles in the body ranging from maintaining osmolarity to transport of hormones. Certain statements are given below for the functions of selected plasma proteins:
A. Von Willebrand factor is normally synthesized in the liver.
B. Ceruloplasmin is a copper carrier protein.
C. Genetic deficiency of α₁-antiproteinase causes emphysema.
D. Most plasma proteins including albumin are covalently glycosylated.
E. α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP) level increases during body’s response to inflammation.

Which one of the following represents all correct combinations of statements?

Correct option is C

Explanation-

Statement A: "Von Willebrand factor is normally synthesized in the liver."  - Incorrect
Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is primarily synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, not the liver. Although the liver synthesizes many plasma proteins, vWF is not one of them.

Statement B: "Ceruloplasmin is a copper carrier protein." -  Correct
Ceruloplasmin is a copper-binding protein synthesized in the liver. It plays a key role in copper transport and has oxidase activity.

Statement C: "Genetic deficiency of α₁-antiproteinase causes emphysema." -  Correct
α₁-antiproteinase (also known as α₁-antitrypsin) deficiency leads to uncontrolled activity of neutrophil elastase, damaging alveoli and causing early-onset emphysema.

Statement D: "Most plasma proteins including albumin are covalently glycosylated."  - Incorrect
While many plasma proteins are glycosylated (especially glycoproteins), albumin is not glycosylated. Therefore, the generalization in this statement is false.

Statement E: "α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP) level increases during body’s response to inflammation."  - Correct
AGP is an acute-phase protein. Its levels increase significantly during inflammation, infections, and trauma.

Correct Combination: B, C, and E
That matches Option c.