The process, which destroys all microbial life including spores is known as–

Correct option is D

Sol. Sterilization is the process of killing or removing all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores, which are highly resistant. It is used for surgical instruments, culture media, and items used in invasive procedures. Common methods include autoclaving, dry heat, gas, and radiation. Unlike disinfection, sterilization ensures total microbial elimination.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Disinfection – Incorrect. Disinfection kills most microbes but not all spores, so it's less effective than sterilization.
· (b) Antisepsis – Incorrect. It reduces or eliminates pathogens on living tissues, not complete microbial elimination.
· (c) Deodorization – Incorrect. This refers to removal of unpleasant smells, not microbes, and is unrelated to infection control.
· (d) Sterilization – Correct. It is the only process that ensures complete destruction of all microorganisms including spores.