The process that transforms the productive land into unproductive land is called:

Correct option is B

✅ (b) Desertification: • It is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, mainly due to human activity and climate variations. • Leads to loss of productivity, vegetation, and soil fertility. • Recognized globally as a serious environmental issue, especially in drylands.
❌ (a) Desertization: • Not a scientifically accepted term; sometimes used incorrectly.
❌ (c) Both (a) and (b): • Only (b) is correct.
❌ (d) None of these: • Incorrect, as (b) is valid and standard terminology.