The most important source for Samudragupta's reign is:

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (B) Prayagraj Prashasti.

Explanation:

• The Prayagraj Prashasti (also called the Allahabad Pillar Inscription) is the most significant source for understanding the reign of Samudragupta, the second emperor of the Gupta Empire.

• This inscription, found on a pillar at Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad), was composed by Harishena, Samudragupta’s court poet and minister, and describes his military campaigns, conquests, and the administrative and diplomatic policies during his reign.

• It emphasizes his success in expanding the Gupta Empire, the subjugation of surrounding kingdoms, and his patronage of arts and religious tolerance. It also reflects the empire's flourishing under his leadership.

Key Facts about Samudragupta’s Reign:

• Samudragupta ruled from approximately 335 CE to 375 CE.

• His reign is often referred to as the golden age of the Gupta Empire, marked by a period of military conquest, cultural renaissance, and political consolidation.

• The Prayagraj Prashasti details his achievements in north and central India, including his victory over the Shakas, Kshatrapas, and the North Western tribes.

• Samudragupta was also a great patron of arts and culture, earning the title "Indian Napoleon" due to his military brilliance.

• The inscription highlights his policy of religious tolerance, showing his support for both Hinduism and Buddhism.

Information Booster:

• Gupta Empire: The Gupta dynasty ruled over a large part of northern India, with its capital at Pataliputra (modern-day Patna). The empire's reign marked the "Classical Age" of India, often referred to as the Golden Age of India.

• Gupta Period (approximately 320 CE to 550 CE): The period is celebrated for its achievements in science, mathematics, astronomy, and literature.

• Famous Figures:

  • Chandragupta I (r. 320–335 CE) is considered the founder of the Gupta Empire.

  • Samudragupta expanded the empire through conquests and maintained a well-organized administrative structure.

  • Chandragupta II (r. 375–415 CE), also known as Vikramaditya, further strengthened the empire and saw it reach its greatest territorial extent.

  • Kalidasa, Aryabhata, and Varahamihira are some of the notable figures associated with the Gupta period.

Additional Information:

• Option A: The Milindapanho is a text related to King Menander I, not Samudragupta, and pertains to Buddhism.

• Option C: The Arthashastra is a treatise on statecraft and economics, attributed to Kautilya (Chanakya), and is not directly related to Samudragupta’s reign, though it reflects the political environment of ancient India.

• Option D: The Vishnu Purana is a sacred Hindu text but does not serve as a direct historical source for Samudragupta’s reign.