Correct option is C
Explanation -
Option c - Odometry is the mechanism by which insects estimate distance traveled. This can involve:
Step counting (in species like ants): They estimate how far they’ve gone by counting their steps.
Visual odometry (e.g., in bees and flies): Using the number of passing visual cues, such as vertical bars or landmarks, to judge distance.
Example: Desert ants (e.g., Cataglyphis) use step-counting to return to their nest after foraging. Bees use optic flow for visual odometry to estimate flight distance.
Incorrect options-
Option a - Path Integration
A broader process that includes direction and distance computation. Odometry is part of path integration, but not synonymous with it.
Option b - Allocentric Coding
It refers to encoding spatial information relative to external landmarks. It does not directly involve step counting or distance measurement.
Option d - Alignment Image-Matching
It involves matching stored images of surroundings with current views. It is used for navigation by landmarks, not for measuring distance.
So, the correct answer is option c - Odometry.
