Correct option is B
Explanation-
Option a : If a transgenic plant heterozygous for an insert segregates into 1:1 ratio for the transgenic phenotype on back-crossing then it contains two unlinked copies of the insert - INCORRECT
If a transgenic plant is heterozygous for two unlinked insertions, on backcrossing, you generally expect a more complex segregation ratio than 1:1. A 1:1 ratio is expected when there is only one insertion that is heterozygous.
Option b : ANOVA allows a plant breeder to test whether measurements from three or more treatments show statistically significant differences - CORRECT
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical method used to compare means among three or more groups to see if at least one group differs significantly from others.
Option c: Comparative genomics allows scientists to identify regions of collinearity but not synteny between different species - INCORRECT
Comparative genomics helps identify both collinearity (same order of genes) and synteny (presence of the same genes on the same chromosome) across species.
Option d : For genetic mapping of a quantitative trait in plants, an RIL mapping population comprising of individuals that are heterozygous at most loci is preferred - INCORRECT
RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines) are typically homozygous at most loci after several generations of selfing. Heterozygosity is actually reduced during RIL development to make stable lines for mapping.
Correct Answer: Option b - ANOVA allows a plant breeder to test whether measurements from three or more treatments show statistically significant differences.
