Correct option is D
Correct Answer: (4) A, C and E
Let's evaluate each statement regarding the male reproductive system and spermatogenesis:
A."The membranes of spermatozoa contain germinal angiotensin-converting enzyme (gACE)."
Correct
gACE (germinal ACE) is expressed on the membrane of developing spermatozoa.
It plays a role in sperm maturation and fertilization, distinct from somatic ACE.
B."Mature spermatozoa are released from Leydig cells."
Incorrect
Leydig cells are responsible for testosterone production, not sperm release.
Spermatozoa mature in seminiferous tubules and are released from Sertoli cells during spermiation, then move to the rete testis.
C."Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)."
Correct
During male embryonic development, Sertoli cells secrete MIS (also called AMH – Anti-Müllerian Hormone), which causes regression of Müllerian ducts (which would otherwise develop into female reproductive structures).
D."Sertoli cells synthesize androgens."
Incorrect
Leydig cells, not Sertoli cells, synthesize androgens (like testosterone).
Sertoli cells respond to testosterone and support spermatogenesis but do not produce androgens.
E."Rete testis has high content of estrogen and alpha estrogen receptors (ERα)."
Correct
Studies have shown that the rete testis expresses estrogen receptors (especially ERα) and has local estrogen production.
Estrogen plays a role in fluid resorption and maintaining sperm concentration.
