Correct option is C
The correct chronological sequence of the events is D, A, B, E, C.
Introduction
The political and economic history of post-independence India is marked by a series of key events and policy shifts that have shaped the nation's trajectory. These events, ranging from ambitious rural development projects to major economic reforms, occurred at different times and had significant impacts on the country's social and financial landscape. Understanding their sequence provides a clear picture of India's development path over several decades.
Information Booster
Here is the correct chronological order of the events, with their respective years:
D. Community Development Programme (1952): This was one of the earliest major government initiatives after independence, launched on October 2, 1952. Its goal was to address poverty and improve the lives of people in rural areas through a multi-sectoral approach involving agriculture, health, education, and social welfare.
A. Green Revolution (mid-1960s): Initiated in India around 1965, the Green Revolution was a period of significant agricultural modernization. Led by agricultural scientist M.S. Swaminathan, it involved the adoption of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, modern irrigation techniques, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This transformed India from a food-deficient nation into a food-surplus one.
B. Nationalization of Banks (1969): In a landmark move, the government, under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, nationalized 14 major commercial banks on July 19, 1969. The stated aim was to align the banking sector with the government's socialist policies and ensure that credit was directed towards agriculture and small-scale industries rather than just big businesses.
E. National Emergency (1975): A state of National Emergency was declared by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The emergency lasted from June 25, 1975, to March 21, 1977, and was one of the most controversial periods in India's political history, marked by the suspension of fundamental rights and censorship of the press.
C. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (1994): While the original GATT was signed in 1947, India became a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, which superseded GATT. The final and conclusive agreement of the Uruguay Round that established the WTO was signed in April 1994, marking a major step toward India's integration into the global economy and a move away from its earlier protectionist policies.
Additional Knowledge
The sequence of these events highlights India's journey from an early focus on state-led rural development and self-sufficiency (Community Development Programme, Green Revolution, Bank Nationalization) to a period of political turmoil (National Emergency), and finally, to economic liberalization and integration into the global trade framework. The signing of the final GATT agreement, which led to the creation of the WTO, was a critical part of the 1991 economic reforms and signaled a major policy shift from the era of protectionism that characterized much of the previous decades.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
