Correct option is B
The correct answer is (b) Governor
Explanation:
As per Article 154(1) of the Indian Constitution:
“The executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.”
This means that formally, the Governor is the executive head of the state. However, in practice, this power is exercised by the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers, since the Governor functions on their advice (as per Article 163).
Information Booster:
- Governor is appointed by the President of India for a term of 5 years but holds office at the pleasure of the President.
Governor – Constitutional Framework
- Articles 153 to 167 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with the State Executive, which includes:
- Governor
- Chief Minister
- Council of Ministers
- Advocate General of the State
Key Articles
- Article 153: Governor for each state (can be common for two or more states)
- Article 155: Appointed by the President via warrant under his hand and seal
- Article 157: Qualifications:
- Must be a citizen of India
- Must be 35 years or older
Powers of the Governor:
Executive Powers
- Appoints: Chief Minister, Ministers, Advocate General, State Election Commissioner, Chairman & members of State PSC
- Chancellor of State Universities
- Recommends President’s Rule (Article 356)
- Can call for information from the Chief Minister
Legislative Powers
- Summons, prorogues, and dissolves the state legislature
- Addresses opening sessions
- Can assent, withhold, return, or reserve bills for the President
Financial Powers
- Ensures presentation of the state budget
- Approves money bills
- Can make advances from the Contingency Fund
- Constitutes the Finance Commission every 5 years (for Panchayats and Municipalities)
Judicial Powers
- Can pardon, remit, or commute sentences under state laws
- Consulted for the appointment of High Court judges
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