The characteristics of the individual self or person (Jiva) are stated as:

1. Jiva has bio-energies.

2. Jaina self is a passive agent.

3. Jiva is endowed with consciousness.

4. Jiva is the enjoyer of the fruits of his own actions.

5. Psychic exertion distinguishes living from non-living.

Correct option is D

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• A (Jiva has bio-energies): The concept of Jiva emphasizes that it is a living entity and possesses vital energies required for life and activities.

• C (Jiva is endowed with consciousness): Consciousness is a fundamental characteristic of Jiva, distinguishing it from non-living entities.

• D (Jiva is the enjoyer of the fruits of his own actions): The doctrine of karma in Jainism states that Jiva reaps the consequences of its actions, making it the enjoyer or sufferer of those fruits.

• E (Psychic exertion distinguishes living from non-living): This highlights the active effort and awareness of Jiva, which sets it apart from non-living matter.

Information Booster:

Ethical Principles in Jaina Philosophy

• Five Vows (Mahavratas):

• Ahimsa: Non-violence.

• Satya: Truthfulness.

• Asteya: Non-stealing.

• Brahmacharya: Celibacy.

• Aparigraha: Non-possessiveness.

• Doctrine of Syadvada (Anekantavada):

• Truth is multifaceted, encouraging tolerance and respect for diverse perspectives.

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