​T Q M (Total Quality Management) focusses on:​

Correct option is D

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a continuous improvement approach that focuses on improving processes to enhance overall quality, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. Instead of just focusing on the final output, TQM emphasizes optimizing processes to prevent defects and inefficiencies at every stage of production or service delivery. It involves systematic planning, teamwork, and customer-centric strategies to ensure high-quality outcomes.

Information Booster:

• TQM is a customer-driven approach that aims to meet or exceed customer expectations by improving business processes.
• It follows the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle, ensuring continuous improvement in all operational areas.
• Employee involvement and training are crucial in TQM to maintain high-quality standards.
• TQM integrates various quality tools such as Six Sigma, Kaizen, and ISO 9000 standards for process optimization.
• It emphasizes preventing defects rather than detecting them after production.
• Leadership commitment is essential in implementing TQM, ensuring that quality management is a part of the organization's culture.
• It applies to all industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, education, and service sectors.

Additional Information:

• Output: While output is a result of TQM implementation, the primary focus is on improving processes rather than just final results.
• Input: Inputs such as raw materials, workforce, and technology are important, but TQM emphasizes optimizing the entire workflow rather than just inputs.
• Tools: Quality management tools like Six Sigma, 5S, and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) are used in TQM, but tools alone are not the primary focus. The main goal is process improvement.