Signalling pathways important for tumorigenesis and cancer include those involved in cell proliferation and cell growth. The following statements were made regarding pathways and molecules involved in cancer:
A. Abnormal activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is involved in dysregulated growth.
B. Bcl2 overexpression and enhanced apoptosis lead to efficient clearance of damaged cancer cells.
C. Loss of p53 can allow cells with damaged DNA to escape apoptosis and continue to proliferate.
D. Inhibition of the Rho family GTPase RhoC leads to enhanced actin-based cell motility and facilitates metastasis.
Which one of the following options represents the combination of all correct statements?

Correct option is B

Correct Answer:
(b) A and C
Explanation:
Constitutive or abnormal activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway promotes cell survival, growth, and proliferation, contributing to oncogenesis (A correct).
p53 is a key tumor suppressor; its loss permits cells with DNA damage to evade apoptosis and continue dividing, increasing cancer risk (C correct).
B is incorrect because Bcl2 overexpression inhibits apoptosis, rather than enhancing it.
D is incorrect because RhoC activity (not inhibition) is associated with increased motility and metastasis.
Information Booster :
· PI3K/Akt signalling is one of the most frequently altered pathways in cancer.
· Tumor suppressors like p53 maintain genomic integrity by enforcing cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis.
· Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer.
· Actin cytoskeleton remodelling in metastasis often requires active Rho GTPases.
Additional Information (Incorrect Options):
Option (a): Incorrect due to statement B.
Option (c): Incorrect because B is false.
Option (d): Incorrect because inhibition of RhoC would reduce, not enhance, metastatic motility.