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Verbal Reasoning

Syllogism

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at varian

Question

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow from the statements.
Statements:
1. All oranges are mangoes.
2. All mangoes are apples.
3. All apples are grapes.
Conclusions:
I. All mangoes are grapes.
II. All apples are oranges.
III. All oranges are grapes.
IV. All grapes are mangoes.

Only conclusions II and III follow.

Only conclusions I and III follow.

Only conclusions III and IV follow.

Only conclusions I and II follow.

Solution

Correct option is B

Statements:

1. All oranges are mangoes.

2. All mangoes are apples.

3. All apples are grapes.

According to the given information, Venn diagram will be:

Conclusion Analysis:
Conclusion I: All mangoes are grapes. (Correct)
Since, All mangoes are apples and all apples are grapes.
So, all mangoes are grapes (Valid Conclusion)
Conclusion II: All apples are oranges. (Incorrect)
Since, All oranges are mangoes, but it does not mean all apples must be oranges.
Therefore, This is incorrect.
Conclusion III: All oranges are grapes. (Correct)
Since, All oranges are mangoes, all mangoes are apples, and all apples are grapes.
This means all oranges must be grapes. (Valid Conclusion))
Conclusion IV: All grapes are mangoes. (Incorrect)
Since, All apples are grapes, but we don’t know that all grapes must be mangoes.
Therefore, This is incorrect.
Thus, the correct option is (b) Only Conclusions I and III follow.