Read carefully the following statements regarding Fundamental duties in Indian Constitution and choose the incorrect answer-
        A. Fundamental duties were inserted by the 44th Constitution Amendment Act.
        B. Parliament cannot amend the fundamental duties.
        C. Fundamental duties can be enforced by writs.
        D. There are eleven fundamental duties in Article 51A.
        E. Promotion of international peace and securities in one of the important fundamental duty.
        Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
       

Correct option is B

The following statements are incorrect:
· A. Fundamental duties were not inserted by the 44th Constitution Amendment Act, but by the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act in 1976. The 44th Amendment dealt with other aspects, such as curtailing emergency powers.
· B. Parliament can amend the Fundamental Duties as they are not immutable. Parliament can introduce new duties or modify the existing ones through constitutional amendments.
· C. Fundamental duties cannot be enforced by writs. They are non-justiciable, meaning that no legal action can be taken for their non-compliance. However, they are expected to be followed by citizens in the spirit of the Constitution.
· E. Promotion of international peace and security is listed as a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 51, not a Fundamental Duty.
Explanation of Correct Statement:
· D. There are eleven fundamental duties listed under Article 51A of the Constitution, including duties like respecting the Constitution, cherishing the national heritage, and protecting the environment.
Information Booster:
1. The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) introduced the Fundamental Duties based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
2. The 11 Fundamental Duties aim to promote patriotism, environmental consciousness, and respect for the nation's ideals.
3. Fundamental Duties are non-enforceable in courts but serve as a moral obligation for citizens.
4. The 44th Amendment Act (1978) dealt primarily with Emergency provisions, not Fundamental Duties.
5. Directive Principles guide the state in policy-making, while Fundamental Duties guide citizens' behavior.