Which one of the following fundamental rights is provided to both citizens and non-citizens ?

Correct option is D

The "Right to Equality" under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution is available to both citizens and non-citizens. This fundamental right ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. However, some fundamental rights are exclusively for citizens (e.g., Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, and 30).

Explanation:

1. Right to Equality (Article 14): Ensures that every person, whether a citizen or a foreigner, is treated equally in the eyes of the law. It prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
2. Other rights that apply to both citizens and non-citizens include:
   • Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20).
   • Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21).
   • Right to protection against arbitrary arrest and detention (Article 22).

Information Booster:

• Fundamental rights under Articles 14 to 18 relate to the Right to Equality.
• Some rights, like freedom of speech and cultural and educational rights, are limited to citizens.
• Rights under Articles 20 and 21 are available to all individuals regardless of nationality.
• The judiciary plays a key role in ensuring these rights are upheld.

Additional Information:

• (a) Right to equal opportunities: Part of Article 16, reserved for Indian citizens in matters of public employment.
• (b) Right to freedom: Article 19 provides freedoms like speech and expression but is available only to citizens.
• (c) Cultural and educational rights: Articles 29 and 30 protect the rights of minorities and are restricted to citizens.
• (d) Right to equality: Article 14 guarantees universal applicability, making it available to all individuals in India.