Plant biotechnology involves:

Correct option is D

What is Plant Biotechnology?
Plant biotechnology refers to the use of scientific tools and techniques — including genetic engineering, tissue culture, molecular biology, and biochemistry — to modify and improve plant traits for agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes.
✅ Explanation of Each Option:
(a) Production of valuable products from plants
Involves the creation of:
Pharmaceutical compounds (e.g., insulin, vaccines via plant bioreactors)
Secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, essential oils)
Biofuels and biodegradable plastics
Achieved using transgenic plants, cell suspension cultures, and bioreactor systems.
(b) Rapid clonal multiplication of desired genotypes
Carried out through micropropagation (a tissue culture technique).
Ensures mass production of genetically identical, elite plant lines.
Crucial for horticulture, forestry, and conservation of endangered species.
(c) Production of virus-free plants
Achieved using meristem culture, where the virus-free apical meristem is cultured in vitro.
Widely used in vegetatively propagated crops like:
Potato
Sugarcane
Banana
Helps restore crop health and quality.