The phenomenon of the reversion of mature cells to the meristematic state leading to the formation of callus is known as:

Correct option is B

What Is Dedifferentiation?
Dedifferentiation is the biological process in which mature, specialized cells revert to a less specialized, meristematic state.
This is commonly seen in plant cells, especially during wound healing or in plant tissue culture, where mature cells regain the capacity to divide and proliferate.
✅ It is the first step in callus formation, where parenchyma or differentiated tissue becomes meristematic under the influence of plant growth regulators (e.g., auxins and cytokinins).
�� Callus Formation:
Callus is an unorganized mass of dividing, dedifferentiated cells.
It often arises in response to wounding or hormonal induction in explants during tissue culture.
Once formed, the callus can be further directed to undergo organogenesis or embryogenesis.
�� Important Definitions for Context:
(a) Redifferentiation: ❌ Process by which dedifferentiated cells become specialized again (e.g., forming organs from callus).
(b) Dedifferentiation: ✅ Correct, reversal of mature cells to meristematic, dividing cells.
(c) Differentiation: ❌ Normal process of specialization of cells into tissue types.
(d) Organogenesis: ❌ Development of organs (roots, shoots) from undifferentiated tissue, not the reversion process.