Pineal Gland

A. Helps increase the blood calcium level

B. Secretes a hormone called 'melatonin'

C. Is located in epithalamus

D. Secretes hormones called 'parathormone' and 'calcitonin'

E. Is used to be known as the 'Third eye'

Correct option is B

• B. Secretes a hormone called 'melatonin': The pineal gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms).
• C. Is located in epithalamus: The pineal gland is a small, pea-shaped structure located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain.
• E. Is used to be known as the 'Third eye': The pineal gland was historically called the "Third Eye" due to its association with mystical and spiritual beliefs.

Information Booster:

Serotonin (Precursor to Melatonin):

• The pineal gland converts serotonin into melatonin.
• Serotonin plays a role in mood regulation and serves as a precursor for melatonin synthesis.

Biological Clock Synchronization:

• Acts as a regulator for the body’s internal clock, aligning biological functions with day-night cycles.

Influences Seasonal Rhythms:

• Plays a role in seasonal biological cycles by adjusting melatonin levels based on the duration of light exposure.

Modulates Puberty Timing:

• Melatonin levels are believed to influence the onset of puberty, as lower melatonin levels are associated with puberty initiation.

Additional Information:

• A. Helps increase the blood calcium level: This function is related to the parathyroid glands, not the pineal gland.
• D. Secretes hormones called 'parathormone' and 'calcitonin': These hormones are secreted by the parathyroid gland and thyroid gland, not the pineal gland.