Correct option is B
To realize the goal set by Article 40, the Indian government introduced the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1992. This amendment added Part IX to the Constitution, titled "The Panchayats," and introduced a new schedule (Eleventh Schedule) that lists the areas of responsibility to be devolved to Panchayats.
Key Features of the 73rd Amendment Act:
1. Three-Tier Structure: The amendment established a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj institutions:
- Gram Panchayat at the village level.
- Panchayat Samiti at the intermediate (block) level.
- Zilla Parishad at the district level.
2.Regular Elections: It mandated that Panchayat elections be held every five years, ensuring regularity in democratic processes at the local level.
3. Reservation of Seats: The amendment provided for the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Panchayats, in proportion to their population. Additionally, it mandated the reservation of one-third of the seats for women, empowering them to actively participate in local governance.
4. Powers and Responsibilities: The amendment aimed to decentralize power by defining the roles and responsibilities of Panchayats, which includes preparing plans for economic development and social justice. The EleventhSchedule of the Constitution lists 29 subjects that Panchayats are responsible for, including agriculture, rural housing, drinking water, health, sanitation, and education.
5. State Finance Commissions: It mandated the establishment of a State Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of the Panchayats and recommend measures to improve their financial health.
6. Gram Sabha: The Gram Sabha includes all adult members of a village and acts as a forum where villagers can directly participate in decision-making, thereby enhancing transparency and accountability.
