Non projected teaching aid include:

Correct option is D

Non-projected teaching aids are instructional materials that do not require any electronic devices for display. These aids help in enhancing learning through visual, auditory, and tactile experiences. They include chalkboards, pictures, flashcards, charts, models, maps, and posters, which facilitate effective teaching and learning without the use of projection equipment like overhead projectors or digital screens.

• Chalkboard (Blackboard/Whiteboard) is one of the most commonly used non-projected teaching aids in classrooms. It allows teachers to illustrate concepts, write key points, and engage students in interactive learning.
• Pictures are visual aids that help in understanding concepts by providing real-world examples. They improve retention and comprehension.
• Flashcards are small cards with images, words, or concepts that support quick recall and active participation in learning.

Since all the options (chalkboard, pictures, and flashcards) fall under non-projected teaching aids, the correct answer is (d) all of these.