​Children -​

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) Are greatly influenced by the social cultural context they grow up in.
This view aligns most closely with the socio-cultural theory of development, particularly as advanced by Lev Vygotsky, who emphasized the importance of social interaction, language, and culture in cognitive development. According to this theory, children are not passive recipients of knowledge or behavior but active participants in their development, shaped by the tools, practices, norms, and interactions present in their surroundings.

Information Booster

1. Lev Vygotsky’s Theory: Stresses the importance of social interaction in learning and development.
2. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): Learning happens best when children are guided by more knowledgeable others.
3. Cultural Tools: Language, signs, symbols, and artifacts shape thought processes.
4. Constructivist Approach: Emphasizes the learner’s role in constructing knowledge through social context.
5. Dynamic Interaction: Development is a continuous interaction of biology and environment—not fixed or predetermined.

Additional Knowledge

• (a) Born unruly and need to be socialized: This reflects an outdated authoritarian perspective. Modern psychology emphasizes guidance and facilitation, not control.
• (b) Genetic codes determine destiny: While genetics play a role, they do not solely determine a child's outcomes. Nature and nurture work together.
• (d) Tabula rasa (blank slate): An idea from John Locke, suggesting children are shaped entirely by experience. However, current research supports a more integrated view combining innate abilities and environmental influences.