Non-communicable diseases:

Correct option is B

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions not caused by infectious agents and do not spread from person to person. Examples include diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. They are primarily linked to lifestyle factors such as diet, physical inactivity, and genetics.
Explanation of Options:
· (a) Can spread from one person to another: Incorrect; NCDs are not contagious.
· (b) Do not spread from person to person through contact: Correct answer; NCDs are caused by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
· (c) Are transmitted by vectors: Incorrect; vector-borne diseases are infectious, unlike NCDs.
· (d) None of the above: Incorrect; option (b) is the correct statement.