Correct option is C
The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 lowered the voting age for elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from 21 years to 18 years. This amendment modified Article 326 of the Indian Constitution, which deals with the right to vote. The change aimed to increase political participation among the youth and enhance their role in the democratic process. The amendment was passed during the tenure of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi to empower young citizens and encourage greater involvement in the country's electoral system.
The 59thConstitutional Amendment Act, (1988) empowered the central government to declare an emergency in the state of Punjab. It inserted a provision in Article 356 and Article 352 to allow the proclamation of an emergency in Punjab due to internal disturbances. It allowed the President's Rule in Punjab to be extended up to three years (instead of the normal one year) without requiring approval every six months. It was introduced during the height of the Punjab insurgency and unrest. This amendment also suspended Article 19 during an emergency in Punjab, limiting fundamental rights.
The 60th Constitutional Amendment Act, (1988) dealt with the taxation of agricultural income. It raised the maximum ceiling of taxes on agricultural land or income derived from agriculture. It modified Article 276 of the Constitution, increasing the maximum limit of professional tax from ₹250 per annum to ₹2500 per annum. The main goal was to increase the revenue collection from professional tax.
The 62nd Constitutional Amendment Act, (1989) extended the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Anglo-Indians in Parliament and State Legislatures. Articles 334 was amended to extend the provision for these reservations, which were set to expire in 1990. It was extended until 2000. This was done to ensure continued political representation for disadvantaged and minority communities.
