Most abundant soil in India are :

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d).

Alluvial soils are the most abundant and widespread soil type in India, covering over 40% of the total land area.

They are primarily formed by the deposition of silt and river wash carried by major river systems like the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra.

Information Booster

Alluvial soils are highly fertile and form the agricultural backbone of India, particularly in the northern plains and coastal deltas.
They are broadly categorized into two types: Khadar (newer, lighter-colored, more fertile alluvium) and Bhangar (older, darker, calcareous alluvium).
These soils are generally rich in potash and lime but often deficient in nitrogen and humus.
Crops heavily cultivated on alluvial soil include wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, and jute.
Their high fertility is due to the constant replenishment of sediments during annual floods.
The texture of alluvial soil varies from sandy loam to clay, depending on its location relative to the river course.

Additional Knowledge

Desert soil (Arid soil): Found mainly in western Rajasthan. They are sandy, have low moisture, low organic matter, and high soluble salts.
Laterite soil: Formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods (leaching). Rich in iron and aluminum, poor in silica. Famous for cashew cultivation.
Red soil: Formed by the weathering of ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks. The red color is due to a high concentration of iron oxide. They cover the second-largest area in India.
Soil conservation techniques are essential to prevent the degradation of these vital resources.