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    Microbial conversion of nitrate into chemical nitrogen is called:
    Question

    Microbial conversion of nitrate into chemical nitrogen is called:

    A.

    Denitrification

    B.

    Nitrate reduction

    C.

    Nitrogen fixation

    D.

    None of these

    Correct option is A

    ✅ (a) Denitrification: • Denitrification is the microbial process where nitrate (NO₃⁻) is reduced to gaseous nitrogen (N₂ or N₂O). • Carried out by anaerobic bacteria like Pseudomonas, Bacillus, especially in waterlogged soils. • It removes nitrogen from the soil, releasing it into the atmosphere.
    ❌ (b) Nitrate reduction: • A broader term; may not always convert it to gaseous nitrogen.
    ❌ (c) Nitrogen fixation: • Opposite process – converts atmospheric N₂ into ammonia, not nitrate.
    ❌ (d) None of these: • Incorrect, as (a) is accurate.

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