Correct option is A
Explanation:
The correct answer is (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii).
(a) John Fiske: Fiske is most famously associated with the text Reading the Popular (iii). He focuses on the role of media and popular culture in shaping society, particularly how cultural texts are consumed by different social groups.
(b) Michel de Certeau: De Certeau's well-known work is The Practice of Everyday Life (iv). In this text, he explores how individuals use everyday actions to make sense of the dominant social structures, emphasizing the way people "practice" and resist institutional control in their daily lives.
(c) Pierre Bourdieu: Bourdieu’s seminal text is Distinction (i), where he analyzes how social distinctions (class, taste, culture) operate and how individuals develop a sense of distinction through cultural consumption, emphasizing the role of taste and class in determining cultural capital.
(d) Jean Francois Lyotard: Lyotard’s critical work is The Postmodern Condition (ii), in which he examines the transformation of knowledge and culture in postmodernity, focusing on the fragmentation of grand narratives and the rise of "little narratives" in the postmodern world.
Information Booster:
John Fiske is a prominent figure in cultural studies, particularly known for his work on media and popular culture.
Reading the Popular is a critical exploration of how different groups of people engage with popular media, analyzing the active consumption and interpretation of cultural texts.
Fiske’s work draws on the idea that audiences are not passive consumers but actively "read" and interpret media in diverse ways.
Michel de Certeau was a French philosopher and social theorist. His book The Practice of Everyday Life is a key text in cultural studies.
It examines how ordinary people subvert and make use of everyday practices to navigate the structures imposed by society, such as consumerism and media.
Certeau contrasts the "strategies" used by institutions with the "tactics" used by individuals to subvert power and resist conformity.
Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and philosopher best known for his theory of social fields and the concept of cultural capital.
Distinction is one of his key works, in which he analyzes how people’s tastes in art, music, food, etc., are often a reflection of their social class. The book shows how distinctions of taste and culture serve to maintain class divisions.
Jean Francois Lyotard is a French philosopher associated with postmodernism.
His influential book The Postmodern Condition discusses the decline of grand narratives and the shift toward a fragmented, decentralized understanding of knowledge in the postmodern era.
Lyotard is often credited with defining postmodernism as a period of questioning traditional forms of knowledge and authority.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
