Correct option is B
Biogas → B: Biogas plants use anaerobic digestion of organic waste to produce methane (biogas) and manure as by-products. It is a renewable energy and waste management solution.
Vermiculture → A: Involves the use of earthworms to break down organic waste, producing vermicompost that conserves humus and enriches soil fertility.
Incineration → D: A high-temperature process used to burn waste like soiled cotton, biomedical waste, and other hazardous waste, reducing its volume and destroying pathogens.
Composting → C: A natural decomposition process of garbage and sludge by microorganisms under controlled conditions, producing nutrient-rich compost.
Correct matching: 1 – B 2 – A 3 – D 4 – C
Thus, the correct answer is Option (b).