Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

List-I (Fuels)	List-II (Typical energy content in MJ/kg)
A. Crude Oil	I. 27
B. Wood (dry)	II. 16–20
C. Coal (Anthracite)	III. 32–33
D. Bio-ethanol	IV. 44

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

Introduction

• Calorific value or energy content refers to the amount of energy released when a fuel undergoes complete combustion.
• It is typically measured in MJ/kg (Megajoules per kilogram) and is a crucial parameter for comparing fuel efficiency and selection in energy systems.
• Different fuels have varying energy densities based on their chemical composition, moisture content, and molecular structure.
  

Information Booster

• Fossil fuels (Crude oil, Natural gas): 40-50 MJ/kg
  
• Coal (varies by grade): 15-35 MJ/kg
  
• Biofuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel): 25-38 MJ/kg
  
• Biomass (Wood, crop residues): 10-20 MJ/kg
  
• Crude Oil → IV. 44 MJ/kg
  
• Petroleum-based fuels have the highest energy density among common fuels
• Range: 42-46 MJ/kg
  
• High hydrogen-to-carbon ratio results in superior energy content
  
• B. Wood (dry) → II. 16-20 MJ/kg
  
• Biomass fuel with moderate energy content
• Dry wood: 16-20 MJ/kg; wet wood significantly lower (8-12 MJ/kg)
  
• Traditional and renewable energy source
  
• Coal (Anthracite) → III. 32-33 MJ/kg
  
• Anthracite is the highest grade of coal (highest carbon content: 86-97%)
  
• Energy content: 30-34 MJ/kg
  
• Higher than lignite (15-20 MJ/kg) and bituminous coal (24-30 MJ/kg)
• Bio-ethanol → I. 27 MJ/kg
  
• Alcohol-based biofuel (C₂H₅OH)
  
• Energy content: 26-30 MJ/kg
  
• Lower than gasoline (44-46 MJ/kg) due to oxygen content
• Renewable, produced from sugarcane, corn, or cellulosic biomass
• Common blend: E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline)