Correct option is C
- Muqaddimah was written by Ibn Khaldun (A-III). It is one of the most significant historical works, introducing the philosophy of history and historiography.
- Kosmos was written by Alexander von Humboldt (B-II). It is a seminal work in physical geography, discussing Earth’s interconnected systems.
- Almagest was authored by Ptolemy (C-IV). It is a major astronomical treatise that influenced medieval astronomy.
- Imagine Mundi was written by Pierre d'Ally (D-I). It is an important geographical and cosmological work from the 15th century.
- Written in 1377, this book is considered a pioneering work in social sciences.
- Introduced concepts such as Asabiyyah (social cohesion), which explains the rise and fall of civilizations.
- Laid the foundations for historical methodology and historiography.
- Published between 1845-1862, this work describes the universe as an interconnected system.
- Discusses physical geography, meteorology, ocean currents, and Earth’s natural phenomena.
- Humboldt is known as the father of modern geography due to his contributions to the field.
- Written in the 2nd century AD, it is one of the most important astronomical works of antiquity.
- Introduces geocentric theory (Earth-centered universe), which dominated until the Copernican Revolution.
- Contains a catalog of stars and a method for predicting planetary positions.
- A medieval geographical work from the early 15th century.
- Discusses concepts such as the sphericity of Earth and the feasibility of western sea routes.
- Influenced Christopher Columbus in his explorations.