Correct option is D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.
Defamiliarization - Viktor Shklovsky
- Defamiliarization is a key concept developed by Viktor Shklovsky, a prominent Russian formalist, in his essay Art as Technique.
- This concept is central to literary theory, where the familiar is made strange to provoke thought and disrupt habitual perception. By defamiliarizing ordinary experiences, Shklovsky argues, art makes us see the world anew.
Uncanny - Sigmund Freud
- The Uncanny is a term Sigmund Freud used in his essay The Uncanny (Das Unheimliche). Freud's concept of the uncanny describes the psychological experience of something familiar yet strange, creating a sense of dread and discomfort.
- Freud explored how repressed memories or feelings of nostalgia can resurface in uncanny ways.
Actor Network Theory - Bruno Latour
- Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is a social theory associated with Bruno Latour, which examines the relationships between humans and non-human entities (like technology, objects, and institutions).
- According to ANT, both human and non-human entities play a role in the creation of social reality.
Homo Sacer - Giorgio Agamben
- Homo Sacer is a concept developed by Giorgio Agamben, particularly in his book Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life.
- The term refers to a figure who exists outside the law and can be killed without legal consequences. Agamben uses this concept to explore biopolitics and the relationship between sovereignty and bare life.
Information Booster:
Defamiliarization and Viktor Shklovsky:
- Viktor Shklovsky (1893-1984) was a Russian formalist and one of the key figures of Russian formalism.
- His concept of defamiliarization (or ostranenie) argues that art should make the familiar unfamiliar to jolt the audience into seeing things in a new way.
- This concept is pivotal in understanding how literature disrupts normal perceptions of reality to make us notice what we otherwise take for granted.
- Example: In literature, defamiliarization can be seen in the works of James Joyce and Franz Kafka, where everyday experiences are presented in strange or surreal ways.
The Uncanny and Sigmund Freud:
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a pioneer of psychoanalysis, and in his 1919 essay The Uncanny, he explored the eerie feeling one experiences when something familiar becomes unsettling.
- He linked the uncanny with repressed memories and the return of repressed desires or anxieties that make something appear simultaneously familiar and strange.
- Example: In literature, Freud’s concept of the uncanny is visible in works like Edgar Allan Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher, where familiarity in the setting leads to a dreadful realization.
Actor-Network Theory and Bruno Latour:
- Bruno Latour (1947-present) is a French sociologist and anthropologist best known for his work on Actor-Network Theory (ANT).
- ANT examines how human and non-human entities, such as machines, technologies, and objects, work together to form networks that shape social reality.
- It suggests that both humans and non-humans should be seen as “actors” with the power to influence the social world.
- Example: ANT can be seen in the study of science and technology, where scientists, research equipment, and theories are all part of the network that creates scientific facts.
Homo Sacer and Giorgio Agamben:
- Giorgio Agamben (1942-present) is an Italian philosopher best known for his work on sovereignty, biopolitics, and the concept of homo sacer.
- The term refers to someone who is excluded from the political community and is reduced to bare life, meaning they are excluded from legal protection.
- Agamben uses this concept to explore the intersection of sovereignty and the state of exception.
- Example: Agamben’s concept of homo sacer has been influential in the study of refugees, prisoners, and political exclusion.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
