Correct option is B
A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II is the correct match based on the following explanations:
1. A. History is a graveyard of aristocracies – This idea is attributed to Vilfredo Pareto (IV), an Italian economist and sociologist who argued that elites in society are constantly replaced in cycles, leading to the notion that history is essentially a graveyard of aristocracies.
2. B. Iron law of oligarchy – This concept was formulated by Robert Michels (I). Michels argued that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic they are in the beginning, eventually develop oligarchic tendencies, where a small group holds power.
3. C. Bureaucratic Rationality – Max Weber (III) introduced the concept of bureaucratic rationality, describing how bureaucracy becomes the most efficient form of organization due to its structured, rule-based system.
4. D. Democratic Elitism – Joseph Schumpeter (II) developed the theory of democratic elitism, proposing that democracy is governed by elites who compete for the votes of the public, thereby maintaining the rule of elites within a democratic framework.
Information Booster:
1. Vilfredo Pareto's theory of elites highlights that society is always led by a minority elite that is eventually replaced by another elite, making history a "graveyard of aristocracies."
2. Robert Michels' "Iron Law of Oligarchy" asserts that all organizations, regardless of their democratic intentions, will eventually develop oligarchic structures.
3. Max Weber's Bureaucracy theory focuses on rational-legal authority, where a bureaucratic structure ensures efficiency, predictability, and calculability in large organizations.
4. Joseph Schumpeter's Democratic Elitism suggests that democracy is not about mass participation in governance but about competition among elites for leadership roles.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
