Match List I with List II


Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

1.Rhetoric" — Aristotle

Aristotle's "Rhetoric" is a foundational work in the study of persuasion and communication. In this treatise, Aristotle examines the art of effective persuasion through the use of rhetoric, covering topics such as ethos, pathos, and logos. His insights on persuasive techniques and the principles of argumentation continue to be influential in fields ranging from politics to advertising.

Era / School: Classical Greek philosophy.

Focus: The art of persuasion.

Key Concepts:Ethos (credibility of the speaker), Pathos (emotional appeal), Logos (logical reasoning)

Impact: Foundational in rhetorical studies, influencing public speaking, political discourse, and literary analysis of persuasion.

2. "Symposium" — Plato

Plato's "Symposium" is a philosophical dialogue that explores the nature of love and desire through a series of speeches given by different characters during a banquet. The work delves into various perspectives on love, including physical desire, intellectual love, and the pursuit of beauty, offering profound insights into the complexities of human emotion and relationships.

Era / School: Classical Greek philosophy.

Form: Philosophical dialogue.

Focus: Nature of love (Eros) and desire.

Key Themes:Love as a ladder from physical attraction → intellectual connection → contemplation of absolute beauty.

Multiple perspectives through speeches by characters like Socrates, Aristophanes, and Alcibiades.

Impact: Influential in philosophy, literature, and psychology on the concept of love.

3. "Apology of Poetry" — Sir Philip Sidney

Philip Sidney's "Apology of Poetry," also known as "The Defense of Poesy," is a seminal text in the realm of literary criticism. Sidney defends the value and importance of poetry as a form of artistic expression and argues that it has a unique ability to inspire and educate. He explores the moral and intellectual merits of poetry, countering contemporary criticisms of the art form.

Era / School: Renaissance humanism.

Also Known As: The Defence of Poesy.

Focus: Defence of poetry’s moral and intellectual value.

Key Points:Poetry teaches and delights (docere et delectare).

Counters Puritan attacks on poetry as immoral.

Impact: First major work of English literary criticism; elevates poetry’s status alongside philosophy and history.

4. "Defence of Poetry" — P. B. Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Defence of Poetry" is a Romantic-era essay that discusses the role of poetry in society. Shelley argues that poetry is a powerful force for social change and a means of transcending the limitations of reality. He emphasizes the poet's capacity to imagine and inspire, viewing poetry as a source of moral and emotional elevation for humanity.

Era / School: Romanticism.

Focus: Poetry as a transformative moral force.

Key Points:Poets are the "unacknowledged legislators of the world."

Poetry enlarges imagination and empathy, promoting social progress.

Impact: Romantic vision of the poet as a visionary and reformer.-