Correct option is A
In Taylor V. Caldwell (1863), the court established the doctrine of frustration. This case involved a music hall that was destroyed by fire before an event, making the contract impossible to perform. The court held that when an unforeseen event occurs that makes the performance of the contract impossible, the contract is frustrated and both parties are discharged from their obligations.
B) Special damages - Hadley V. Baxendale (4)
· The case of Hadley V. Baxendale (1854) is a leading case on special damages. It established that damages arising from a breach of contract should be such as could reasonably be foreseen by both parties at the time the contract was made. Special damages are awarded when losses are not the ordinary consequence of a breach but are due to special circumstances communicated between the parties.
C) Anticipatory breach of contract - Hochester V. De la Tour (2)
· In Hochester V. De la Tour (1853), the principle of anticipatory breach of contract was established. The court ruled that if one party repudiates the contract before the due date of performance, the other party can immediately treat the contract as breached and sue for damages.
D) Cross-offer - Tinn V. Hoffman & Co. (3)
· In Tinn V. Hoffman & Co. (1873), the court dealt with the concept of cross-offers, where two parties make identical offers to each other simultaneously, but without knowledge of the other's offer. The court held that cross-offers do not amount to a contract because there was no acceptance of an offer.
