Correct option is A
Fundamental Duties → 42nd Amendment:
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 is often referred to as the "Mini-Constitution" due to its significant changes to the Constitution of India. It introduced Fundamental Duties under Part IV-A (Article 51A), which are moral obligations for citizens to uphold unity and integrity of the nation, respect its ideals, institutions, the national flag, and the national anthem, among other duties.
B) The concept of Basic Features of the Constitution → Kesavananda Bharati Case:
The concept of the Basic Structure of the Constitution was established in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973). In this case, the Supreme Court held that while the Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution under Article 368, it cannot alter or destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution, which includes principles like judicial review, federalism, and secularism.
C) Abolition of Untouchability → Article 17:
Article 17 of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form. It is a fundamental right under Part III of the Constitution. It ensures social equality and aims to eradicate the practice of discrimination based on caste, particularly towards Dalits and other marginalized communities.
D) Amendment of the Indian Constitution → Article 368:
Article 368 of the Constitution provides the procedure for amending the Constitution. It grants the Parliament the power to amend the Constitution, but with certain limitations, as established by the Basic Structure Doctrine mentioned above. Amendments that touch upon the Basic Structure cannot be passed, even under this article.
