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    Match List I (Milk Processes) with List II (Time-Temperature Combinations): List I List II a. Cooling of mi
    Question

    Match List I (Milk Processes) with List II (Time-Temperature Combinations):
    List I
    List II
    a. Cooling of milk
    I. 135–150°C for 1–4 seconds
    b. LTLT Pasteurization
    II. 72°C for 15 seconds
    c. HTST Pasteurization
    III. 4–5°C
    d. VHT Pasteurization
    IV. 63°C for 30 minutes
    Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

    A.

    a-III, b-IV, c-II, d-I

    B.

    a-I, b-II, c-IV, d-III

    C.

    a-IV, b-III, c-I, d-II

    D.

    a-II, b-III, c-I, d-IV

    Correct option is A


    Let’s explain each milk processing method:
    Cooling of milk → 4–5°C (III): This is essential immediately after milking and pasteurization to slow microbial growth and preserve milk quality.
    LTLT (Low Temperature Long Time) → 63°C for 30 minutes (IV): A traditional pasteurization method suitable for small-scale operations.
    HTST (High Temperature Short Time) → 72°C for 15 seconds (II): Common in modern dairy industries, this method ensures microbial safety with minimal nutrient loss.
    VHT (Very High Temperature) → 135–150°C for 1–4 seconds (I): Also known as UHT (Ultra-High Temperature) pasteurization, it extends milk shelf life without refrigeration.

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