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Match List I (Milk Processes) with List II (Time-Temperature Combinations): List I List II a. Cooling of mi
Question

Match List I (Milk Processes) with List II (Time-Temperature Combinations):
List I
List II
a. Cooling of milk
I. 135–150°C for 1–4 seconds
b. LTLT Pasteurization
II. 72°C for 15 seconds
c. HTST Pasteurization
III. 4–5°C
d. VHT Pasteurization
IV. 63°C for 30 minutes
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A.

a-III, b-IV, c-II, d-I

B.

a-I, b-II, c-IV, d-III

C.

a-IV, b-III, c-I, d-II

D.

a-II, b-III, c-I, d-IV

Correct option is A


Let’s explain each milk processing method:
Cooling of milk → 4–5°C (III): This is essential immediately after milking and pasteurization to slow microbial growth and preserve milk quality.
LTLT (Low Temperature Long Time) → 63°C for 30 minutes (IV): A traditional pasteurization method suitable for small-scale operations.
HTST (High Temperature Short Time) → 72°C for 15 seconds (II): Common in modern dairy industries, this method ensures microbial safety with minimal nutrient loss.
VHT (Very High Temperature) → 135–150°C for 1–4 seconds (I): Also known as UHT (Ultra-High Temperature) pasteurization, it extends milk shelf life without refrigeration.

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