Management by objectives was the key idea put forward by Peter Drucker in: 

Correct option is D

Peter Drucker introduced the concept of Management by Objectives (MBO) in his 1954 book, The Practice of Management. MBO is a systematic approach to management where specific objectives are jointly set by management and employees, and progress is periodically reviewed. Drucker’s MBO concept emphasizes alignment between organizational goals and individual employee goals, improving motivation, accountability, and performance outcomes. It requires clear goal-setting and regular monitoring, making it an effective management tool for both planning and performance evaluation.
Information Booster:
1. Origin of MBO: The Practice of Management (1954) introduced MBO, shaping modern management practices by focusing on result-oriented objectives.
2. Goal Alignment: MBO aligns employee goals with organizational objectives, fostering a sense of purpose and direction among team members.
3. Employee Involvement: Employees actively participate in setting objectives, which improves engagement and commitment.
4. Performance Evaluation: MBO allows for regular review and feedback, facilitating ongoing development and improvement.
5. Focus on Outcomes: MBO shifts attention from tasks to outcomes, ensuring that actions align with achieving key results.
6. Adaptability: MBO can be applied across various organizational levels, making it versatile and widely applicable in different industries.
7. Increased Accountability: By setting clear targets, MBO enhances accountability and provides a clear framework for measuring performance.