Long standing high blood pressure may result in–

Correct option is D

Sol. Long-standing high blood pressure, also known as chronic hypertension, can lead to multiple cardiovascular complications including cardiomegaly (enlarged heart), cardiac failure (weakened heart pumping), and heart attacks (myocardial infarction). Persistent elevated pressure forces the heart to work harder, eventually leading to thickening of the heart muscles and reduced efficiency. Over time, arteries may get damaged, leading to atherosclerosis and increasing the risk of heart attacks. Therefore, all of the given complications are possible.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Cardiomegaly – True. High blood pressure forces the heart to work harder, leading to an enlarged heart (cardiomegaly), especially left ventricular hypertrophy.
· (b) Cardiac failure – True. Chronic hypertension weakens the heart’s ability to pump blood, leading to congestive heart failure.
· (c) Heart attack – True. High blood pressure can damage arteries and increase the chance of clot formation, leading to a heart attack.
· (d) All of these – Correct. All three options are medically documented complications of uncontrolled long-term hypertension.