Correct option is C
This matching accurately pairs aggression types with their psychological definitions. (a) Hostile aggression stems from anger and frustration with the primary goal of inflicting pain or harm (iii), representing reactive, emotion-driven violence. (b) Emotional aggression involves injury with the explicit goal of hurting someone (iv), motivated by negative affect rather than external rewards. (c) Instrumental aggression is goal-directed behavior where harm is a means to obtain something of value (ii), such as resources, status, or territory—the aggression is instrumental to another objective. (d) Thanatos is Freud's death instinct, an instinctual drive toward destruction and death (i), hypothesized as a counterforce to Eros (life instinct). Option 4 correctly distinguishes these motivational bases of aggressive behavior according to social psychology and psychoanalytic theory.